十二烷基二甲基氧化胺
产品性状：
外观：无色透明粘稠状液体；
电离性：弱阳离子；
配伍性：本品能与阳离子、非离子表面活性剂配伍；
稳定性：不宜在100°C以上长时间加热；
质量指标：
外观：无色透明粘稠状液体；
活性物含量：30±2%；
PH值：6.0-8.0
性能与用途：无色透明粘稠状液体，易溶于水，在水溶液中显示非离子或阳离子特性。当pH值＜7时呈阳离子性。氧化胺本身是优良的洗涤剂，能产生稳定而丰富的泡沫。主要用于餐具洗涤剂和工业液体漂白剂，有增泡稳泡作用，并能改善增稠剂的相容性和产品的整体稳定性。亦用作香波、液体洗涤剂和泡沫浴的泡沫促进剂、调理剂、增稠剂和抗静电剂。
十二烷基二甲基氧化胺水溶性：由于氧化胺分子中存在极性键N→0，偶极距为4.38D，所以该化合物具有极性大、熔点高的特性，易溶于水和低碳醇等极性溶剂中，而难溶于矿物油、苯等非极性溶剂。
在水溶液中氧化胺大量地以水合物(R1R2R3NO·XH2O)形式存在，但随pH值的变化，会发生极性的转变，如在pH>7的碱性溶液中，主要呈阴离子表面活性剂性质。但在pH<3时的酸性溶液中，氧化胺主要以阳离子的形式存在。氧化胺水溶液具有微弱的氧化性，在化妆品中正是利用其微弱的氧化性使皮肤达到白晰的目的。
十二烷基二甲基氧化胺表面活性：
（1）表面张力：加入氧化胺后，水的表面张力会大大降低，如纯水的表面张力为72.80×10-3N/m。在各种氧化胺的临界胶束浓度(cmc)时的表面张力均在30×10-3N/m左右。在cmc时氧化胺的表面张力比季铵盐低得多，所以氧化胺的表面活性比季铵盐好。
（2）去污性：氧化胺与AES或AS混合时，对去污有协同作用，但与LAS混合时，其协同作用不大。洗涤唇膏的产品采用12％脂肪酸(C12:C18=12:1)，13％非离子表面活性剂，12％LAS，如加入一定量的氧化胺，清洗作用会很好。
（3）乳化力：乳化力是衡量乳化剂好坏的一个指标。如将氧化胺水溶液和石油溶剂在70℃下以同等条件乳化，然后静止观察乳化后体积的变化情况。结果表明，在氧化胺同系物中，乳化能力随长链烷基碳数的增加而增加。氧化胺作为乳化剂的另一个特点是可以在很宽的pH值范围内发挥乳化作用，特别是在酸性介质中它可以与作为防腐剂、杀菌剂的季铵盐阳离子配伍，不但不会阻滞防腐剂的防腐性能，而且可增强其防腐性能，这是其他非离子表面活性剂所不能及的。
（4）起泡和稳泡力：氧化胺是一种高效的稳泡剂，常用于洗衣液或餐具洗涤剂中，用量l％～5％的产品性能温和，对眼睛亦无刺激，抗硬水性好，在pH=9，300mg/kg的硬水中泡沫反而更高。脂肪醇硫酸钠(AS)与氧化胺混合时，泡沫丰满而稳定，即使有油脂存在亦无变化，故常与阴离子型活性剂如LAS、AS、AES、SAS等配合使用，防刺激效果很好。氧化胺所产生的泡沫具有乳脂感，广泛用于香波和淋浴制品中。
（5）增稠作用：氧化胺有较好的增稠作用，例如氧化胺与AES混合(1:9)的质量分数为15％活性物溶液(以下％均为质量分数)，在酸性介质中，即使盐分很少，增稠效果亦明显，且温和，调理性好。氧化胺4.5％，AES 8.5％，NaCl 4％，pH=8，黏度(20℃)达7Pa·s，浑浊点<-5℃，但对香波的增溶增稠，碳原子以C14为佳。氧化胺的增稠作用亦可应用于高碱性的漂白液中(9％C12，0.5％NaOH，4％Na2CO3，少量氧化胺)，10％HCl溶液加入了1.5％二羟乙基牛油基氧化胺及1.5％的牛油基二甲基氯化铵可使稠度增至1Pa·S。
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Dodecyl dimethylamine oxide
Product characteristics
Appearance: Colorless transparent viscous liquid;
Ionization: weak cation;
Compatibility: This product can be compatible with cationic and non-ionic surfactants;
Stability: It is not advisable to heat for a long time above 100 ° C
Quality indicators:
Appearance: Colorless transparent viscous liquid;
Active substance content: 30 ± 2%;
PH value: 6.0-8.0
Performance and application: Colorless and transparent viscous liquid, easily soluble in water, exhibiting non-ionic or cationic properties in aqueous solutions. When the pH value is less than 7, it becomes cationic. Amine oxide itself is an excellent detergent, which can produce stable and rich foam. Mainly used as tableware detergent and industrial liquid bleach, it has foaming and stabilizing effects, and can improve the compatibility of thickeners and the overall stability of products. It is also used as foam promoter, conditioner, thickener and antistatic agent for shampoo, liquid detergent and foam bath.
Water solubility of dodecyldimethylamine oxide: Due to the polar bond N → 0 and dipole distance of 4.38D in the amine oxide molecule, this compound has the characteristics of high polarity and high melting point. It is easily soluble in polar solvents such as water and low-carbon alcohols, but difficult to dissolve in non-polar solvents such as mineral oil and benzene.
In aqueous solutions, a large amount of amine oxide exists in the form of hydrates (R1R2R3NO · XH2O), but polarity changes with pH values. For example, in alkaline solutions with pH>7, it mainly exhibits anionic surfactant properties. But in acidic solutions with pH<3, amine oxide mainly exists in the form of cations. Amine oxide aqueous solution has weak oxidizing properties, which are utilized in cosmetics to achieve skin whitening.
Surface activity of dodecyl dimethylamine oxide:
(1) Surface tension: After adding amine oxide, the surface tension of water will be greatly reduced, for example, the surface tension of pure water is 72.80 × 10-3N/m. The surface tension at the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of various amine oxides is around 30 × 10-3N/m. At cmc, the surface tension of amine oxide is much lower than that of quaternary ammonium salts, so the surface activity of amine oxide is better than that of quaternary ammonium salts.
(2) Cleanliness: When amine oxide is mixed with AES or AS, it has a synergistic effect on cleaning, but when mixed with LAS, its synergistic effect is not significant. The product used to wash lipstick is 12% fatty acid (C12: C18=12:1), 13% non-ionic surfactant, 12% LAS. If a certain amount of amine oxide is added, the cleaning effect will be very good.
(3) Emulsifying power: Emulsifying power is an indicator of the quality of emulsifiers. If the aqueous solution of amine oxide and petroleum solvent are emulsified under the same conditions at 70 ℃, and then the volume change after emulsification is observed by standing still. The results indicate that the emulsifying ability increases with the increase of long-chain alkyl carbon number in amine oxide homologs. Another characteristic of amine oxide as an emulsifier is its ability to emulsify over a wide pH range, especially in acidic media. It can be combined with quaternary ammonium cations as preservatives and fungicides, which not only does not hinder the anti-corrosion performance of preservatives, but also enhances their anti-corrosion performance, which is different from other non-ionic surfactants
